Computer languages

 

Computer Languages

Q: How do you think we communicate with a computer?

 Ans:

Ø  A computer cannot understand any commands that you may give in English or in any other language.

 

Ø  It has its own set of instructions for communication, or what we call computer languages.

 

Ø   The user of a computer must be able to communicate with it. He must be able to give the computer commands and understand the output that the computer generates.

 

Ø   This is possible due to the invention of computer languages.

Ø

Ø  Basically, there are two main categories of computer languages, namely

Ø

Ø1. Low Level Languages

 

2. High Level Languages

 

1.       Low Level Languages


Low level languages are the basic computer instructions or better known as machine codes.

A computer cannot understand any instruction given to it by the user in English or any other high level language.

These low level languages are very easily understandable by the machine.

The main function of low level languages is to interact with the hardware of the computer.

They help in operating, syncing and managing all the hardware and system components of the computer.

Handle all the instructions which form the architecture of the hardware systems.

The classification of low level languages are explained below.


Machine Language

This is one of the most basic low level languages.

The language was first developed to interact with the first generation computers.

It is written in binary code or machine code, which means it basically comprises of only two digits – 1 and 0.


Assembly Language

This is the second generation programming language.

 It is a development on the machine language, where instead of using only numbers, we use English words, names, and symbols.

It is the most basic computer language necessary for any processor.


2.       High Level Language

When we talk about high level languages, these are examples of programming languages such as PASCAL, FORTRAN, C++ , Python, etc.

The important feature about such high level languages is that they allow the programmer to write programs for all types of computers and systems.

Every instruction in high level language is converted to machine language for the computer to comprehend.

The high level languages are classified as scripting languages and Objective oriented languages, which are discussed below.

 

Scripting Languages

Scripting languages or scripts are essentially programming languages. These languages employ a high level construct which allows it to interpret and execute one command at a time.

 Scripting languages are easier to learn and execute than compiled languages. Some examples are AppleScript, JavaScript, Pearl etc.

 

Object-Oriented Languages

These are high level languages that focus on the ‘objects’ rather than the ‘actions’.

 To accomplish this, the focus will be on data than logic.

 The reasoning behind is that the programmers really cares about the object they wish to manipulate rather than the logic needed to manipulate them.

Some examples include Java, C+, C++, Python, Swift etc.

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